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Panel Board
A panel board, also known as a distribution board or breaker panel, is an electrical enclosure that houses circuit breakers, fuses, and other electrical components used to control and distribute electricity within a building or facility. Here's a description highlighting its features and functions:
- Enclosure: The panel board is housed in a sturdy enclosure made of metal or non-conductive materials such as plastic or fiberglass. The enclosure provides protection for the electrical components inside and prevents accidental contact with live parts, ensuring safety for users and maintenance personnel.
- Main Disconnect: The panel board typically includes a main disconnect switch or breaker, which allows the entire electrical system to be shut off in case of emergencies or maintenance. This disconnect isolates the panel board from the incoming power supply, ensuring the safety of personnel working on the electrical system.
- Circuit Breakers or Fuses: The main components inside the panel board are circuit breakers or fuses, which control the flow of electricity to individual circuits within the building. Circuit breakers trip and interrupt the circuit when an overload, short circuit, or other fault is detected, while fuses melt and open the circuit under similar conditions.
- Distribution: Panel boards distribute electricity from the main power supply to various circuits throughout the building, such as lighting, outlets, appliances, HVAC systems, and specialized equipment. Each circuit is protected by its own breaker or fuse, allowing for selective isolation and troubleshooting in case of electrical faults.
- Branch Circuits: Panel boards are designed to accommodate multiple branch circuits, each serving a specific area or function within the building. The number and type of branch circuits depend on the electrical load requirements and building codes applicable to the installation.
- Labeling and Identification: Panel boards are labeled and identified to facilitate easy identification of circuits, breakers, and other components. Labels indicate the purpose or location of each circuit, as well as the rating and type of breaker or fuse installed.
- Overcurrent Protection: Panel boards provide overcurrent protection to prevent damage to electrical wiring, equipment, and appliances in case of excessive current flow. Circuit breakers or fuses are selected based on the ampacity of the wiring and the electrical load served by each circuit.
- Grounding and Bonding: Panel boards are equipped with grounding and bonding provisions to ensure electrical safety and compliance with building codes. Grounding conductors provide a low-resistance path for fault currents to dissipate safely, while bonding ensures continuity of metallic enclosures and equipment grounding conductors.
- Accessibility and Serviceability: Panel boards are designed for easy access and serviceability to facilitate installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Enclosures feature hinged or removable covers, knockouts for conduit entry, and ample space for wiring and terminations.
- Compliance and Standards: Panel boards must comply with relevant electrical codes, standards, and regulations applicable to the jurisdiction where they are installed. These standards ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of electrical distribution systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
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